Diffraction tomography is a promising, quantitative, and nondestructive three-dimensional (3D) imaging method that enables us to obtain the complex refractive index distribution of a sample. The acquisition of the scattered fields under the different illumination angles is a key issue, where the complex scattered fields need to be retrieved. Presently, in order to develop terahertz (THz) diffraction tomography, the advanced acquisition of the scattered fields is desired. In this paper, a THz in-line digital holographic diffraction tomography (THz-IDHDT) is proposed with an extremely compact optical configuration and implemented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. A learning-based phase retrieval algorithm by combining the physical model and the convolution neural networks, named the physics-enhanced deep neural network (PhysenNet), is applied to reconstruct the THz in-line digital hologram, and obtain the complex amplitude distribution of the sample with high fidelity. The advantages of the PhysenNet are that there is no need for pretraining by using a large set of labeled data, and it can also work for thick samples. Experimentally with a continuous-wave THz laser, the PhysenNet is first demonstrated by using the thin samples and exhibits superiority in terms of imaging quality. More importantly, with regard to the thick samples, PhysenNet still works well, and can offer 2D complex scattered fields for diffraction tomography. Furthermore, the 3D refractive index maps of two types of foam sphere samples are successfully reconstructed by the proposed method. For a single foam sphere, the relative error of the average refractive index value is only 0.17%, compared to the commercial THz time-domain spectroscopy system. This demonstrates the feasibility and high accuracy of the THz-IDHDT, and the idea can be applied to other wavebands as well.

针对5G毫米波通信，研制了一种双极化有源相控阵天线模组。厚度为2 mm的多层PCB正面印制阵列天线，在其背面集成多通道波束成形芯片，通过中间层实现天线与芯片的互连以及供电、控制等。测试结果表明，研制的板状4×4双极化相控阵模组在E面和H面均实现了不小于±40度的波束扫描范围（不大于3 dB的电平下降）和低于-18 dB的归一化交叉极化电平，在24~27.5 GHz的频率范围内实现了V极化和H极化分别为42.6~45.7 dBm和43.5~46.1 dBm的等效全向辐射功率（EIRP）。

The converging lens is one of the key components in high-resolution terahertz imaging. In this Letter, a binary diffractive lens is proposed for the scanning imaging system working at 278.6 GHz, in which a convergent beam with a waist diameter of 0.65 mm is generated, and 1 mm lateral imaging resolution is realized. This low-cost terahertz lens, constituted by concentric rings with different radii, is optimized by stimulated annealing algorithm and fabricated by three-dimensional printing. Compared with the conventional transmissive convex lens, higher resolution and enhanced imaging quality are achieved via smaller focal spot of the illumination beam. This type of lens would promote terahertz imaging closer to practical applications such as nondestructive testing and other scenarios.

提出了一种由三维打印技术制作的用于0.3 THz波束调控的二元相位型衍射透镜，可产生轴向焦深为25 mm、腰斑直径为1 mm的太赫兹聚焦波束。将该聚焦波束应用于连续太赫兹波计算机辅助层析成像，不仅将成像分辨率提高到1.5 mm，而且由于扩大了系统景深，提高了成像保真度。这类利用三维打印技术制作的二元衍射元件可有效应用于低频太赫兹波段的光束调控，为太赫兹成像系统的性能优化以及聚焦元件的设计制备提供一种有效途径。

太赫兹波对非极性材料具有良好的穿透性，与太赫兹波强度成像相比，相衬成像能够更好的反映物体的内部结构。本文提出了基于TPX透镜的连续太赫兹波像面数字全息相衬成像方法，研究了全息记录和再现过程，利用曲面拟合畸变校正去除TPX透镜引入的二次相位畸变。实验搭建了太赫兹像面数字全息成像系统，利用振幅型西门子星样品对系统的成像分辨率进行了定量分析，同时对有机材料和生物样品两种相位型样品进行成像，实验验证了该相衬成像方法的有效性。在太赫兹波段引入像面成像，有利于提高太赫兹成像分辨率及成像质量，在生物医学成像、无损检测等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

With the development of continuous-wave terahertz (THz) sources and array detectors, the pursuit of high-fidelity real-time imaging is receiving significant attention within the THz community. Here, we report a real-time full-field THz phase imaging approach based on lensless Fourier-transform THz digital holography. A triangular interferometric layout is proposed based on an oblique illumination of 2.52 THz radiation, which is different from other lensless holographic configurations at other frequencies. A spherical reference beam is generated by a reflective parabolic mirror with minor propagation loss. The complex-valued images are reconstructed using a single inverse Fourier transform of the hologram without complex calculation of the diffraction propagation. The experimental result for a Siemens star validates the lateral resolution of ∼346μm in the diagonal direction. Sub-pixel image registration and image stitching algorithms are applied to enlarge the area of the reconstructed images. The dehydration process of an aquatic plant leaf (Hottonia inflata) is monitored for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, at the THz band. Rapid variations in water content and morphology are measured with a time interval of 0.6 s and a total time of 5 min from a series of reconstructed amplitude and phase images, respectively. The proposed method has the potential to become a powerful tool to investigate spontaneous phenomena at the THz band.

Massive usage scenarios prompt the prosperity of terahertz refractive index (THz RI) measurement methods. However, they are very difficult in measuring the full-field dynamical RI distributions of either solid samples without a priori thickness or liquid samples. In this study, we propose total internal reflection THz digital holography and apply it for measuring RI distributions for both solid and liquid samples dynamically. An RI measurement model is established based on an attenuated total reflection prism with a pitching angle. The pitching angle and the field of view can be numerically calculated from the spectrogram of the off-axis Fresnel hologram, which solves the adjustment of the visually opaque prism irradiated by the invisible THz beam. Full-field RI distributions of the droplets of solid-state soy wax and distilled water are obtained and compared with THz time-domain spectroscopy. The evaporation of an ethanol solution droplet is recorded, and the variation of the RI distribution at the sample–prism interface is quantitatively visualized with a temporal resolution of 10 Hz. The proposed method greatly expands the sample range for THz RI measurements and provides unprecedented insight into investigating spontaneous and dynamic THz phenomena.

Three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) distribution is important to reveal the object’s inner structure. We implemented terahertz (THz) diffraction tomography with a continuous-wave single-frequency THz source for measuring 3D RI maps. The off-axis holographic interference configuration was employed to obtain the quantitative scattered field of the object under each rotation angle. The 3D reconstruction algorithm adopted the filtered backpropagation method, which can theoretically calculate the exact scattering potential from the measured scattered field. Based on the Rytov approximation, the 3D RI distribution of polystyrene foam spheres was achieved with high fidelity, which verified the feasibility of the proposed method.